Жорж Франжю / Georges Franju
Жорж Франжю (Georges Franju) - французский режиссер, родился 12 апреля 1912 года в городе Фугер (Fougères) во французской провинции Бретань. Умер 5 ноября 1987 года.  Жорж Франжю знаменит не только своими кинокартинами, а и тем, что в 1937 году вместе с Анри Лангуа основал «Французскую фильмотеку», самый знаменитый и значительный киноархив в мире. До 1949 года работал архивариусом, пока не решил на парижской скотобойне снять шокирующий документальный фильм «Кровь зверей» (1949). До 1959 года, когда вышел его первый художественный полнометражный фильм «Головой об стену», Франчу снял множество документальных картин. Однажды режиссер попал в очень неприятный международный скандал, когда марокканский диссидент был похищен, направляясь на встречу с режиссером для обсуждения его будущего фильма. На Берлинском международном кинофестивале картина Франчу «Thomas l’imposteur» (1965) номинировалась на «Золотого медведя». На Венецианском международном кинофестивале картина режиссера «Therese Desqueyroux» (1962) номинировалась на «Золотого льва». Биография / Biography Early life Before working in French cinema, Franju had several different jobs. These included working for an insurance company and in a noodle factory. Franju was also briefly in the military in Algeria and was discharged in 1932. On his return, Franju studied to become a set designer and later created backdrops for music halls including Casino de Paris and the Folles Bergére. In the mid-thirties, Franju and Henri Langlois met through Franju's twin brother Jacques Franju. As well as creating the 16 mm short film Le Metro, Langois and Franju also started a short-lived film magazine and created a film club called Le Circle du Cinema with 500 francs he borrowed from Langlois' parents. The club showed silent films from their own collections followed by an informal debate about them amongst members. From Le Circle du Cinema, Franju and Langlois founded Cinématheque Française in 1936. Franju ceased to be closely related with Cinématheque Française as early as 1938, and only became associated it strongly again in the 1980s when he was appointed as the honorary artistic director of Cinématheque. In 1937, Franju and Langois co-founded another a less successful film journal titled Cinematograph which had only two issues. In early 1940, Franju and Dominique Johansen co-founded another organization to promote cinema called Circuit Cinematographique des Arts et des Sciences which closed on May 31, 1940. Film career In 1949, Franju began work on a series of nine documentary films. The Nazi occupation of Paris and the industrialism following World War II influenced Franju's early works. His first documentary, The Blood of Beasts (French:Le Sang des Bêtes) was a graphic film of a day inside a Paris slaughterhouse. The second documentary, commissioned by the government in 1950, was Passing By the Lorraine (French:En Passant par la Lorraine). The film was commissioned as a celebration of the modernization of the French industry, but Franju's film showed his view of the ugliness spewing forth from monstrous factories. Franju's third film commissioned by the French government, Hôtel des Invalides (1951), was a look at life inside a veterans' hospital. The film was commissioned as a tribute to the hospital and the War Museum, but Franju turned it into a film against the glorification of militarism. Franju later said that Hôtel des Invalides was his favorite of his three "slaughter" films. With The Keepers (French:La Tete Contre les Murs) in 1958, Franju turned toward fiction feature films. His second feature was the horror film Eyes Without a Face (French:Les Yeux sans Visage) about a surgeon who tries to repair his daughter's ruined face by grafting on to it the faces of beautiful women. His 1963 film Judex was a tribute to the silent film serials Judex and Fantomas. In Franju's later years his film work became less frequent. Franju occasionally directed for television and in the late seventies he retired from filmmaking to preside over the Cinématheque Française. Georges Franju died on November 5, 198 Film style In her study of French cinema since the French new wave, Claire Clouzot described Franju's film style as heavily influenced by his predecessors. Clouzot described it as "a poignant fantastic realism inherited from surrealism and Jean Painlevé science cinema, and influenced by the expressionism of Lang and Murnau". Franju's focus on the film was on visuals which he claimed marked a director as an auteur. Franju claimed to "not have the story writing gift" and was focused on what he described as the "putting into form" of the film. Фильмография / Filmography 1935 - Le Metro - (co-directed with Henri Langlois) 1948 - Кровь зверей / Le Sang des bêtes - Blood of the Beasts 1950 - En passant par la Lorraine 1951 - Hôtel des Invalides 1952 - Le Grand Méliès 1952 - Месье и мадам Кюри / Monsieur et Madame Curie 1954 - Les Poussières 1954 - Navigation Marchande - (Film renounced by Franju) 1955 - A propos d'une rivière 1955 - Мой пес / Mon chien 1956 - Le Théâtre national populaire 1956 - На мосту Авиньона / Sur le pont d'Avignon 1957 - Собор Парижской богоматери / Notre-dame, cathédrale de Paris 1958 - La Première Nuit 1958 - Головой об стену / La Tête contre les murs / Head Against the Wall 1959 - 1961 - Все огни на убийцу / Pleins feux sur l'assassin / Spotlight on a Murderer 1962 - Thérèse Desqueyroux / Therese 1963 - Judex 1965 - Thomas l'imposteur / Thomas the Impostor 1965 - Les Rideaux blancs / The Moment of Peace / Les rideaux blancs segment 1965 - Marcel Allain 1970 - Грех отца Море / La Faute de l'abbé Mouret / The Demise of Father Mouret 1974 - Кровавые ночи / Nuits rouges - Shadowman |
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